REPUBLIC OF KOREA COPYRIGHT ACT

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KOREAN_COPYRIGHT_ACT.pdf

REPUBLIC OF KOREA

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1(Purpose)

Article 2(Definitions)

Article 3(Works of Foreigners)

CHAPTER 2 RIGHTS OF AUTHORS

SECTION 1. WORKS

Article 4(Examples of Works, etc.)

Article 5(Derivative Works)

Article 6(Compilation Works)

Article 7(Works not Protected, etc.)

SECTION 2. AUTHORS

Article 8(Presumption of Authorship, etc.)

Article 9(Authorship of a Work in the Name of an Organization)

Article 10(Copyright)

SECTION 3. AUTHOR’S MORAL RIGHTS

Article 11(Right to Make Public)

Article 12(Right to Indicate the Author’s Name)

Article 13(Right to Preserve the Integrity)

SECTION 4. NATURE, EXERCISE, ETC. OF AUTHOR’S MORAL RIGHTS

Article 14(Inalienability of Author’s Moral Rights)

Article 15(Author’s Moral Rights in Joint Works)

SECTION 5. AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 16(Right of Reproduction)

Article 17(Right of Public Performance)

Article 18(Right of Broadcasting)

Article 18‐2(Right of Interactive Transmission)

Article 19(Right of Exhibition)

Article 20(Right of Distribution)

Article 21(Right of the Production of Derivative Works, etc.)

SECTION 6. LIMITATIONS TO AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 22(Reproduction for Judicial Proceedings, etc.)

Article 23(Use for the Purpose of School Education, etc.)

Article 24(Use for Current News Report)

Article 25(Quotations from Works Made Public)

Article 26(Public Performance and Broadcasting for Non‐profit Purposes)

Article 27(Reproduction for Private Use)

Article 28(Reproduction, etc. in Libraries, etc.)

Article 29(Reproduction for Examination Questions)

Article 30 (Reproduction, etc. for Visually Impaired Persons, etc.)

Article 31(Ephemeral Sound or Visual Recordings by Broadcasting Organizations)

Article 32(Exhibition or Reproduction of Works of Art, etc.)

Article 33(Use by Means of Translation, etc.)

Article 34(Indication of Sources)

Article 35(Relationship with Author’s Moral Rights)

SECTION 7. DURATION OF AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 36(Principles of Protection Period)

Article 37(Period of Protection for Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works)

Article 38(Period of Protection for Works in the Name of Organization)

Article 38‐2(Period of Protection for Cinematographic Works)

Article 39(The Time When Serial Publications, etc. Have Been Made Public)

Article 40(Initial Date of Protection Period)

SECTION 8. TRANSFER, EXERCISE AND EXPIRY OF AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 41(Transfer of Author’s Property Rights)

Article 42(Authorization to Exploit Works)

Article 43(Offer of Works for Transaction and Authorization of Rental of Phonograms)

Article 44(Author’s Property Rights on Which the Right of Pledge is Established)

Article 45(Exercise of Author’s Property Rights in Joint Works)

Article 46(Expiry of Author’s Property Rights)

SECTION 9. EXPLOITATION OF WORKS UNDER LEGAL LICENSE

Article 47(Exploitation of Works in Which the Owner of Author’s Property Rights is Not Known)

Article 48(Broadcasting of Works Being Made Public)

Article 49 <Deleted>

Article 50(Production of Commercial Phonograms)

SECTION 10. REGISTRATION

Article 51 (Registration of Copyright)

Article 52(Registration and Effect of Change of Rights)

Article 53(Procedures, etc. for Registration)

CHAPTER 3. RIGHT OF PUBLICATION

Article 54(Establishment of the Right of Publication)

Article 55(Obligations of the Owner of the Right of Publication)

Article 56(Revision, Addition or Reduction of a Work)

Article 57(Duration of the Right of Publication)

Article 58(Notification of the Termination of the Right of Publication)

Article 59(Distribution of Copies of a Work after the Termination of the Right of Publication)

Article 60(Transfer by Assignment of, and Limitations to, the Right of Publication, etc.)

CHAPTER 4. NEIGHBORING RIGHTS

SECTION 1. GENERAL RULES

Article 61(Neighboring Rights)

Article 62(Relationship with Copyright)

SECTION 2. RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS

Article 63(Right of Reproduction)

Article 64(Right of Broadcasting of Performances)

Article 65(Compensation by Broadcasting Organizations to Performers)

Article 65‐2(Authorization by Performers of Rental of Phonograms)

Article 66(Joint Performers)

SECTION 3. RIGHTS OF PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS

Article 67(Right of Reproduction and Distribution)

Article 67‐2(Offer for Transaction and Authorization of Rental of Phonograms)

Article 68(Compensation by Broadcasting Organizations to Producers of Phonograms)

SECTION 4. RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS

Article 69(Right of Reproduction and Simultaneous Relay)

SECTION 5. PROTECTION PERIOD

Article 70(Protection Period)

SECTION 6. LIMITATIONS TO, TRANSFERS BY ASSIGNMENT, EXERCISE, ETC. OF RIGHTS

Article 71(Limitations to Neighboring Rights)

Article 72(Transfers by Assignment, Exercise, etc. of Neighboring Rights)

Article 72‐2(Exploitation of Performances, Phonograms and Broadcasts)

Article 73(Registration of Neighboring Rights)

CHAPTER 4‐2. PROTECTION OF DATABASE PRODUCERS

Article 73‐2(Databases under Protection)

Article 73‐3(Exclusion of Application)

Article 73‐4(Rights of Database Producers)

Article 73‐5(Limitation on Rights of Database Producers)

Article 73‐6(Protection Period)

Article 73‐7(Transfer, Exercise, etc., of Rights of Database Producers)

Article 73‐8(Statutory Authorization of the Use of Databases)

Article 73‐9(Registration of Rights of Database Producers)

CHAPTER 5. SPECIAL PROVISIONS CONCERNING CINEMATOGRAPHIC WORKS

Article 74(Cinematization of Works)

Article 75(Rights in Cinematographic Works)

Article 76(Rights of Producers of Cinematographic Works)

Article 77 <Deleted>

CHAPTER 5‐2 LIMITATION ON LIABILITY OF ONLINE SERVICE PROVIDERS

Article 77(Limitation on liability of Online Service Providers)

Article 77‐2(Discontinuation of Reproduction or Transmission)

CHAPTER 6. COPYRIGHT MANAGEMENT SERVICES

Article 78(Permit, etc. for Copyright Management Services)

Article 79(Supervision)

Article 80(Cancellation, etc. of Permit)

Article 80‐2(Hearing)

CHAPTER 7. DELIBERATION ON COPYRIGHT AND CONCILIATION OF DISPUTES

Article 81(Copyright Deliberation and Conciliation Committee)

Article 82(Functions)

Article 83(Conciliation Division)

Article 84(Application for Conciliation)

Article 85(Demand for Attendance)

Article 86(Conclusion of a Conciliation)

Article 87(Failure of Conciliation)

Article 88(Expenses of Conciliation)

Article 89(Organization, etc. of the Committee)

Article 90(Subsidy for Expenses)

CHAPTER 8. REDRESS FOR INFRINGEMENT OF RIGHTS

Article 91(Right of Demanding Suspension of Infringement, etc.)

Article 92(Acts Considered to be Infringement)

Article 93(Claim for Damages)

Article 94(Setting of Amount of Damages)

Article 95(Right of Demanding Recovery of Honor, etc.)

Article 96(Protection of the Moral Interests after the Death of an Author)

Article 97(Infringement in Respect of a Joint Work)

CHAPTER 8‐2 SUPPLEMENTARY PROVISIONS

Article 97‐2(Claim for Inspection of Documents)

Article 97‐3(Delegation of Authority) Article 97‐4(Legal Fiction as Public Officials in Application of Penal Provisions)

CHAPTER 9. PENAL PROVISIONS

Article 97‐5(Crime of Infringement of Rights)

Article 98(Crime of Infringement on Rights)

Article 99(Crime of Illegal Publications, etc.)

Article 100(Crime of Failure to Indicate Sources)

Article 101(Confiscation)

Article 102(Complaint)

Article 103(Punishment of Both Parties)

Addendum

As amended by Law No. 3916, December 31, 1986

Law No. 4268, December 27, 1990 (Government Organization Act)

Law No. 4352, March 8, 1991 (Libraries Promotion Act)

Law No. 4541, March 6, 1993 (Government Organization Act)

Law No. 4717, January 7, 1994

Law No. 4746, March 24, 1994 (Libraries and Reading Promotion Act)

Law No. 5015, December 6, 1995

Law No. 5453, December 13, 1997 (Act on Readjustment of the Certified Public Accountant Act concerning Enforcement of the Administrative Procedures Act)

Law No. 6134, January 12, 2000

Law No. 6881, May 27, 2003

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL PROVISIONS

Article 1(Purpose) The purpose of this Act is to protect the rights of authors and the rights neighboring on them and to promote fair use of works in order to contribute to the improvement and development of culture.

Article 2(Definitions) The definitions of the terms used in this Act shall have the meaning as follows:

1. “Works” shall mean a creative production belonging to the category of original literary, scientific or artistic works;

2. “Authors” shall mean the persons who create works;

3. “Public performances” shall mean the presentation of a work to the public by acting, musical playing, singing, reciting, screening or by other means, and shall mean the presentation of a reproduction of a work to the public by playing it, and shall include transmission that is made in a connected place in one and the same person’s occupation; <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

4. “Performance” shall mean the expression of a work by acting, musical playing, singing, reciting, screening or by other artistic means, and include the expression of something other than a work done in a similar method;

5. “Performers” shall mean the persons who make performances, and who conduct, direct, or supervise performances;

6. “Phonograms” shall mean the media in which the sound is fixed (excluding those in which the sound is fixed together with some visual images);

7. “Phonogram producers” shall mean the persons who have initially fixed the sound in phonograms;

8. “Broadcasting” shall mean the transmission of sounds and images by wire or wireless communication intended for simultaneous reception by the public; <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

9. “Broadcasting organizations” shall mean the persons who engage themselves in the broadcasting business;

9‐2 “Interactive transmission” shall mean the transmission of a work or making available to the public by wire or wireless communication in such a way that members of the public may access the work from a place and at a time individually chosen by them; <Newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

10. “Cinematographic works” shall mean the creative production in which a series of images (regardless of whether or not accompanied by sound) are collected, and which can be played by means of mechanical or electronic devices and can be seen or heard;

11. “Producers of cinematographic works” shall mean the persons who plan and take responsibility for the production of a cinematographic work;

11‐2. “Works of applied art” shall mean artistic works that may be reproduced in the same shape on articles and whose originality is distinguishable from the articles used, and shall include designs, etc.

12. “Computer programs” shall mean an expression of a series of statements or instructions used directly or indirectly in a computer or other devices which have an information processing ability in order to obtain a certain result;

12‐2. “Compilation” shall mean a collection of works or symbols, letters, voices, sounds, images and materials in other formats (hereinafter referred to as “subject matters”), including databases. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

12‐3 “Compilation works” shall mean compilations of a creative nature in terms of selection, arrangement or composition of its subject matters. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

12‐4 “Database” shall mean a compilation that arranges or composes subject matters systematically so that such subject matters may be accessed or searched individually. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

12‐5. “Database producer” shall mean a person who makes a considerable investment in terms of human or material resources for production of a database, or renewal, verification or supplement (hereinafter referred to as “renewal, etc.”) of its subject matters. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

13. “Joint works” shall mean works created jointly by two or more persons and their respective contributions cannot be separately exploited;

14. “Reproduction” shall mean the fixation of works or the reproduction of works in tangible media of expression by means of printing, photographing, copying, sound or visual recording or other means; in the case of architectural works, it shall mean to carry out a construction in accordance with the models or plans for the construction; and in the case of plays, musical scores or other similar works, it shall include the sound and visual recording of a public performance, performance or broadcast of a work;

15. “Distribution” shall mean the transfer by assignment or rental of the original or reproduction of a work to the public with or without payment;

16. “Publication” shall mean the reproduction and distribution of a work for the demand of the public;

17. “Making a work public” shall mean to make a work available to the public by means of performance, broadcasting, exhibition or by other means, and to publish a work.

18. “Copyright trust services” shall mean a line of business in which one holds in trust and continuously manages author’s property rights, publication rights, neighboring rights or exploitation rights on behalf of the owners of author’s property rights, publication rights or neighboring rights; <Newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

19. “Copyright agency or brokerage services” shall mean a line of business in which one acts as an agent (excluding a general agent concerning “exploitation) or a broker on behalf of the owner of author’s property rights, publication rights or neighboring rights with regard to the exploitation of works or of performance, phonograms or broadcasting, which are the subject matters of neighboring rights; <Newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

20. “Technological protective measures” shall mean technological measures applied by a rights holder or a person who is delegated by such rights holder to effectively prevent infringement of copyrights and other rights protected under this Act. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

21. “Right management information” shall mean information which falls under any of the following, or numbers or symbols representing such information, each of which is attached to the original or reproduction of a work, performance, phonogram, broadcasting, or database (which is limited to such database as is protected under Chapter 4‐2 herein; same hereinafter in this Subparagraph.), or is accompanied by public performance, broadcasting or transmission thereof: <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

a. Information for identification of a work, performance, phonogram, broadcasting, or database;

b. Information for identification of authors, owners of author’s property rights, publication rights or neighboring rights, or database producers; and

c. Information related to the utilization method and conditions of a work, performance, phonogram, broadcasting, or database.

22. “Online service provider” shall mean a person who provides others with services that reproduce or transmit a work, performance, phonogram, broadcasting or database through information and

telecommunication networks (which refer to such information and telecommunication networks as provided in Subparagraph 1, Paragraph 1, Article 2 of the Act on Promotion of Information and Communications Network Utilization and Information Protection, etc.). <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

Article 3(Works of Foreigners) (1) The works of foreigners shall be protected in accordance with the treaties to which the Republic of Korea has acceded or which it has ratified. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

(2) Notwithstanding the provision of Paragraph (1), the works of foreigners who permanently reside in the Republic of Korea (including the foreign legal persons having their principal office in the Republic of Korea, hereinafter the same shall apply), or foreigners works which are first published in the Republic of Korea (including works published in the Republic of Korea within thirty days after their publication in a foreign country) shall be protected under this Act. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

(3) Even when foreigners' works are to be protected under Paragraphs (1) and (2), but if the foreign country concerned do not protect the works of the nationals of the Republic of Korea, their protection under treaties and this Act may be correspondingly restricted.

CAPTER 2. RIGHTS OF AUTHORS

SECTION 1. WORKS

Article 4(Examples of Works, etc.) (1) The following shall be the examples of works referred to in this Act:

1. Novels, poems, theses, lectures, recitations, plays and other literary works;

2. Musical works;

3. Theatrical works including dramas, dances, pantomimes, etc.;

4. Paintings, calligraphic works, sculptures, crafts, works of applied art, and other artistic works; <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

5. Architectural works including architectural models and plans;

6. Photographic works including photographs and other works produced by similar methods;

7. Cinematographic works;

8. Maps, charts, design drawings, sketches, models and other diagrammatic works; and

9. Computer program works.

(2) Matters necessary for the protection of computer program works under Subparagraph 9 of Paragraph (1) shall be provided for in a separate Act.

Article 5(Derivative Works) (1) A creation produced by means of translation, arrangement, alteration, dramatization, cinematization, etc. of an original work (hereinafter referred to as “derivative work”) shall be protected as an independent work.

(2) The protection of a derivative work shall not prejudice the rights of the author of the original work.

Article 6(Compilation Works) (1) Compilation works shall be protected as independent works. <As amended on Jan. 7, 1994 and May 27, 2003>

(2) The protection of a compilation work shall not prejudice the copyright of the subject matters constituting such compilation work and other rights protected under this Act. <As amended on May 27, 2003>

Article 7(Works not Protected, etc.) No work which falls under any of the following Subparagraphs shall be protected under this Act:

1. Constitution, laws, treaties, decrees, ordinances and rules; <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

2. Notices, public notifications, directions and others similar to them issued by the state or local government; <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

3. Judgments, decisions, orders, or rulings of courts, as well as rulings and decisions made by the administrative appeal procedures, or other similar procedures;

4. Compilations or translations of works as referred to in Subparagraphs 1 to 3 which are produced by the state or local government; <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

5. Current news reports which transmit simple facts, and

6. Speeches delivered at an open session of courts, the National Assembly or Local Assemblies.

SECTION 2. AUTHORS

Article 8(Presumption of Authorship, etc.) (1) Any person who falls under any of the following Subparagraphs shall be presumed to be an author:

1. A person whose real name (hereinafter referred to as “real name”) or well‐known pen‐, stage‐, or screen‐name, pseudonym, abbreviation, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “pseudonym”) is indicated as the name of the author in the customary manner on the original or reproduction of a work; and

2. A person whose real name or well‐known pseudonym is indicated as the author in the public performance, broadcast or interactive transmission of a work. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

(2) If a work on which the name of the author as prescribed under any of the Subparagraphs of Paragraph (1) is not indicated, the person who is indicated as publisher or public performer shall be presumed to have the copyright.

Article 9(Authorship of a Work in the Name of an Organization) The authorship of a work which, on the initiative of a legal person, an organization, or other employer (hereinafter referred to as “legal person, etc.”), is made by his employee in the course of his duties and made public under the name of such a legal person, etc. as the author shall be attributed to that legal person, etc., unless otherwise stipulated in a contract, work regulation, etc. The work with the name of an author shall not fall under this article.

Article 10(Copyright) (1) The author shall enjoy the rights prescribed under Articles 11 to 13 (hereinafter referred to as “author’s moral rights”) and the rights prescribed under Articles 16 to 21 (hereinafter referred to as “author’s property rights”).

(2) The copyright shall commence from the time of completing a work regardless of the fulfillment of any procedure or formalities.

SECTION 3. AUTHOR’S MORAL RIGHTS

Article 11(Right to Make Public) (1) The author shall have the right to decide whether or not to make his work public.

(2) If an author has transferred by assignment his property rights in a work not yet being made public under Article 41, or authorized to exploit under Article 42, he shall be presumed to have given the other party his consent to make it public.

(3) If an author has transferred by assignment the original of his work of art, architectural work or photographic work (hereinafter referred to as “work of art, etc.”), he shall be presumed to have given the other party his consent to make it public in the manner of exhibition.

(4) If a derivative work or compilation work has been made public with the consent of the author, its original shall be considered also to have been made public.

Article 12(Right to Indicate the Author’s Name) (1) The author shall have the right to indicate his real name or pseudonym on the original or reproduction of his work, or when his work is made public.

(2) In the absence of any intention of the author to the contrary, the person using his work shall indicate the name of the author in the same manner as that already adopted by the author, unless such indication is deemed unavoidable in light of the nature of a work as well as the purpose and manner of its exploitation. <Proviso newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 13(Right to Preserve the Integrity) (1) The author shall have the right to preserve the integrity of the content, form and title of his work.

(2) The author shall not make an objection to a modification falling under any of the following Subparagraphs; provided that the substantial modification has not been made:

1. In the case of a work being used under Article 23, the modification of expression within the limit as deemed unavoidable for the purpose of school education;

2. Extension, rebuilding or other forms of alteration of an architecture; and

3.Other modifications within the limit as deemed unavoidable in the light of the nature of a work as well as the purpose and manner of its exploitation.

SECTION 4. NATURE, EXERCISE, ETC. OF AUTHOR’S MORAL RIGHTS

Article 14(Inalienability of Author’s Moral Rights) (1) Author’s moral rights shall belong exclusively to the author.

(2) Even after the death of the author, no person who exploits his work shall commit an act which would be prejudicial to author’s moral rights if he were alive; provided that such an act is deemed to have not defamed the honor of the author in light of the nature and extent of the act, and in view of the prevailing social norms.

Article 15(Author’s Moral Rights in Joint Works) (1) Author’s moral rights in a joint work may not be exercised without the unanimous agreement of all the authors concerned. In this case, each of the authors may not, in bad faith, prevent the agreement from being reached.

(2) Authors of a joint work may designate one of them as a representative in the exercise of their moral rights.

(3) Limitations imposed on the representation mentioned in the preceding Paragraph (2) shall not be effective against a bona fide third person.

SECTION 5. AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 16(Right of Reproduction) The author shall have the right to reproduce his work.

Article 17(Right of Public Performance) The author shall have the right to perform his work publicly.

Article 18(Right of Broadcasting) The author shall have the right to broadcast his work.

Article 18‐2(Right of Interactive Transmission) The author shall have the right to transmit his work in an interactive manner. <Article newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 19(Right of Exhibition) The author shall have the right to exhibit the original or reproduction of his work of art, etc.

Article 20(Right of Distribution) The author shall have the right to distribute the original or reproduction of his work.

Article 21(Right of the Production of Derivative Works, etc.) The author shall have the right to produce and exploit a derivative work based on his original work, or a compilation work which is composed of his work.

SECTION 6. LIMITATIONS TO AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 22(Reproduction for Judicial Proceedings, etc.) It shall be permissible to reproduce a work if and to the extent deemed necessary for the purpose of judicial proceedings and of internal use in the legislative or administrative organs; provided that such reproduction does not unreasonably prejudice the interests of the owner of author’s property rights in the light of the nature of the work as well as the number of copies and the nature of reproduction.

Article 23(Use for the Purpose of School Education, etc.) (1) A work already being made public may be reproduced in textbooks to the extent deemed necessary for the purpose of education at high schools, their equivalents or lower level schools.

(2) Educational institutions established by special laws or the Elementary and Secondary Education Act or the Higher Education Act or operated by the state or local government may perform publicly, broadcast or reproduce a work already being made public to the extent deemed necessary for the purpose of education. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

(3) A person who intends to exploit a work under Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall pay compensation to the owner of author’s property rights according to the criteria for compensation as prescribed by the Minister of Culture and Tourism in accordance with the Presidential Decree, or shall deposit the same. Public performance, broadcasting or reproduction of a work done at high schools, their equivalents or lower level schools as prescribed under Paragraph (2) is not obliged to pay compensation. <As amended on Dec. 30, 1989, Dec. 27, 1990, Mar. 6, 1993, Jan. 7, 1994 and Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 24(Use for Current News Report) In the case of reporting current events by means of broadcasts, newspapers or by other means, it shall be permissible to reproduce, distribute, perform publicly, broadcast or transmit interactively a work seen or heard in the course of the event, to the extent justified by the information purpose. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 25(Quotations from Works Made Public) It shall be permissible to make quotations from a work already being made public; provided that they are within a reasonable limit for news reporting, criticism, education and research, etc. and compatible with fair practice.

Article 26(Public Performance and Broadcasting for Non‐profit Purposes) (1) It shall be permissible to perform publicly or broadcast a work already being made public for non‐profit purposes and without charging any fees to audience, spectators or third persons; provided that the performers concerned are not paid any remuneration for such performances.

(2) Commercial phonograms or cinematographic works may be reproduced and played for the public, if no admission fee is charged to audience or spectators, except the cases as prescribed by the Presidential Decree.

Article 27(Reproduction for Private Use) It shall be permissible for a user to reproduce by himself a work already being made public for the purpose of his personal, family or other similar uses within a limited circle; (Newly Inserted) provided that this shall not apply to the reproduction by a photocopying machine that is set up for the public use. <Proviso newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 28(Reproduction, etc. in Libraries, etc.) (1) Libraries under the Libraries and Reading Promotion Act and the facilities (including the heads of the relevant facilities; hereinafter referred to as “libraries, etc.”) as prescribed by Presidential Decree among those facilities which provide books, documents, records and other materials (“hereinafter referred to as “books, etc.”) for public use may reproduce the works by utilizing books, etc. held by the libraries, etc. (in the case of Subparagraph 1, including the books, etc. reproduced by or transmitted to the libraries, etc. in accordance with the provision of Paragraph 3 hereof) in any of the following cases: provided that in the case of Subparagraphs 1 and 3, the works may not be reproduced in digital format. <As amended on Mar. 8, 1991, Mar. 24, 1994, Jan. 12, 2000 and May 27, 2003>

1. Where, at the request of a user and for the purpose of research and study, a single copy of a part of books, etc. already made public is provided to him;

2. Where it is necessary for libraries, etc. to reproduce books, etc. for the purpose of preserving such books, etc.; and <As amended on May 27, 2003>

3. Where libraries, etc. provide other libraries etc. with a reproduction of books, etc. that are out of print or scarcely available for similar reasons at the request of other libraries etc. for their collection purpose. <As amended on May 27, 2003>

(2) Libraries, etc. may reproduce or transmit their books, etc. to allow users to peruse them in such libraries, etc. by using devices capable of information processing such as computers, etc. (hereinafter referred to as “computers, etc.”). In such case, the number of users who may peruse them at the same time shall not exceed the number of copies of such books, etc. held by the libraries, etc. or authorized to be used by the persons with copyrights or other rights protected under this Act. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

(3) Libraries, etc. may reproduce or transmit their books, etc. to allow users in other libraries, etc. to peruse them by using computers, etc.; provided that, in those cases where all or a part of the books, etc. have been published for sale, such books, etc. shall not be reproduced or transmitted unless a period of five years has elapsed since the publication date of such books, etc. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

(4) In reproducing books, etc. pursuant to Subparagraph 2 of Paragraph (1), Paragraph (2) or Paragraph (3), libraries, etc. shall not reproduce such books, etc. in digital format if they are being sold in digital format. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

(5) In reproducing books, etc. in digital format pursuant to Subparagraph 1 of Paragraph (1), or reproducing or transmitting books, etc. for the purpose of allowing perusal inside other libraries, etc. pursuant to Paragraph (3), libraries, etc. shall pay the owners of authors’ property rights compensation in accordance with the standards determined and published by the Minister of Culture and Tourism, or deposit such sum; provided that said provision shall not apply to books, etc. (excluding those books, etc. which are, in part or in whole, published for a sales purpose) regarding which the state, local governments or schools as provided in Article 2 of the Higher Education Act hold authors’ property rights. The method and procedures of such compensation payment shall be determined by Presidential Decree. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

(6) If books, etc. are reproduced or transmitted in digital format pursuant to the foregoing Paragraphs (1) through (3), libraries, etc. shall take necessary measures as provided by Presidential Decree such as reproduction prevention measures in order to prevent infringement of copyrights and other rights protected under this Act. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

Article 29(Reproduction for Examination Questions) It shall be permissible to reproduce a work already being made public in questions of entrance examinations or other examinations of knowledge and skills, to the extent deemed necessary for that purpose; provided that it is for non‐profit purposes.

Article 30 (Reproduction, etc. for Visually Impaired Persons, etc.) (1) Published works may be reproduced and distributed in Braille for visually impaired persons, etc. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000 and May 27, 2003>

(2) The facilities (including the heads of relevant facilities) as prescribed by Presidential Decree among facilities for the purpose of promoting the welfare of visually impaired persons, etc. may record a published oral or written work, or reproduce, distribute or transmit such work in a recording form for the exclusive use of visually impaired persons, etc. in order to provide such for the use of visually impaired persons, etc. without using it, in any way, for profit‐making purposes. <As amended on May 27, 2003>

(3) The scope of visually impaired persons, etc. as provided in the foregoing Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be determined by Presidential Decree. <Newly provided on May 27, 2003>

Article 31(Ephemeral Sound or Visual Recordings by Broadcasting Organizations) (1) Broadcasting organizations may make ephemeral sound or visual recordings of a work for the purpose of their own broadcasting and by the means of their own facilities; provided that it is not contrary to the intention of the owner of the right of broadcasting.

(2) Sound or visual recordings made under Paragraph (1) may not be kept for a period exceeding one year from the date of sound or visual recording, unless they are kept as materials for public records at places as prescribed by the Presidential Decree.

Article 32(Exhibition or Reproduction of Works of Art, etc.) (1) The owner of the original of a work of art, etc. or a person who has obtained the owner’s authorization, may exhibit the works in its original form. If the work of art is to be permanently exhibited in a street or park, outside the wall of a building, or other place open to the public, the consent of the copyright owner shall be obtained.

(2) Works of art, etc. exhibited at all times at an open place as referred to in the proviso of Paragraph (1) may be reproduced by any means, except those falling under any of the following cases:

1.Where a building is reproduced in another building;

2.Where a sculpture or a painting is reproduced in another sculpture or a painting;

3.Where the reproduction is made in order to exhibit permanently at an open place, as prescribed under Paragraph (1); and

4.Where the reproduction is made for the purpose of selling its copies.

(3) A person who exhibits works of art, etc. under Paragraph (1), or who intends to sell originals of works of art, etc. may reproduce and distribute them in a pamphlet for the purpose of explaining and introducing them.

(4) A portrait or a similar photographic work produced by commission shall not be exploited without the consent of the commissioner. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 33(Use by Means of Translation, etc.) (1) If a work is used under Articles 23, 26, or 27, the work may be used by means of translation, arrangement, or adaptation.

(2) If a work is used under Articles 22, 24, 25, 29, or 30, the work may be used by means of translation.

Article 34(Indication of Sources) (1) A person who uses a work under this section shall indicate its sources, except the cases as prescribed under Articles 24, 26, 29, or 31. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

(2) The indication of the sources shall be made clearly in the manner and to the extent deemed reasonable by the situation in which the work is used. If the real name or pseudonym of the author of a work is indicated, such real name or pseudonym shall be indicated.

Article 35(Relationship with Author’s Moral Rights) No provisions of this section may be interpreted as affecting the protection of author’s moral rights.

SECTION 7. DURATION OF AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 36(Principles of Protection Period) (1) Author’s property rights in a work shall continue to subsist during the life time of an author and until the end of a period of fifty years after the death of an author, unless otherwise provided in this Section. Author’s property rights in a work which is first being made public forty years after the death of an author and before a period of fifty years has elapsed shall continue to subsist for a period of ten years after it is being made public.

(2) Author’s property rights in a joint work shall continue to subsist for a period of fifty years after the death of the last surviving author.

Article 37(Period of Protection for Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works) (1) Author’s property rights in an anonymous or the pseudonymous work, unless the pseudonym is widely known, shall continue to subsist for a period of fifty years after it has been made public; provided that within such period, if there are reasonable grounds for recognizing a date fifty years after the death of the author, such property rights shall be deemed to have lapsed fifty years after the death of the author. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

(2) The provision in Paragraph (1) shall not apply to any of the following cases:

1.Where the real name or the well‐known pseudonym of an author is revealed during the period as referred to in Paragraph (1); and

2.Where the real name of an author is registered under Paragraph (1) of Article 51 during the period as referred to in Paragraph (1)

Article 38(Period of Protection for Works in the Name of Organization) Authors property rights in any work being made public in the name of an organization shall continue to subsist for a period of fifty years after it has been made public; provided that if it has not been made public within fifty years after its creation, authors’ property rights shall continue to subsist for a period of fifty years after its creation. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

Article 38‐2(Period of Protection for Cinematographic Works) Notwithstanding the provisions of the foregoing Articles 36 and 37, authors’ property rights in cinematographic works shall continue to remain in effect for a period of fifty years from the time that such works are made public; provided that, in those cases where such works are not made public within fifty years after their creation, such rights shall continue to remain in effect for a period of fifty years from the time of their creation. <Article newly provided on May 27, 2003>

Article 39(The Time When Serial Publications, etc. Have Been Made Public) (1) The time when a work has been made public under the proviso of Paragraph (1) of Article 36, Paragraph (1) of Article 37, or Article 38, shall be determined by making public of each volume, issue or installment in the case of works which are being made public in the form of volumes, issues, or installments, or by making public of the last part in the case of works which are being made public in parts in a successive manner.

(2) In the case of works to be completed by making public in parts in a successive manner, the last part already being made public shall be considered to be the last one under the Paragraph (1) if the next part is not being made public before the expiration of a period of three years following the making public of the preceding part.

Article 40(Initial Date of Protection Period) The initial date of the protection period of authors’ property rights as prescribed under this Section shall commence from the beginning of the year following the date when the author died, the work is created, or is made public. <As amended on May 27, 2003>

SECTION 8. TRANSFER, EXERCISE AND EXPIRY OF AUTHOR’S PROPERTY RIGHTS

Article 41(Transfer of Author’s Property Rights) (1) Author’s property rights may be transferred by assignment in whole or in part.

(2) Where author’s property rights are transferred by assignment in whole, the right of the production of a derivative work or compilation work as prescribed under Article 21 shall be presumed not to be included in the transfer, unless otherwise stipulated.

Article 42(Authorization to Exploit Works) (1) The owner of author’s property rights may grant another person authorization to exploit the work.

(2) The person who obtained such authorization shall be entitled to exploit the work in such a manner and within the limit of such conditions so authorized.

(3) The right of exploitation as authorized may not be transferred by assignment to the third party without the consent of the owner of author’s property rights.

Article 43(Offer of Works for Transaction and Authorization of Rental of Phonograms) (1) The original or reproduction of a work offered for transaction by means of selling with the authorization of the owner of the right of distribution may be distributed continuously.

(2) The owner of the right of distribution shall have the right, notwithstanding the provision of the Paragraph (1), to authorize the rental of commercial phonograms for profit‐making purposes. <Newly provided on Jan. 7, 1994>

Article 44(Author’s Property Rights on Which the Right of Pledge is Established) The right of pledge may be exercised with respect to money or the like accruing from the transfer by assignment of author’s property rights or the exploitation of the work (including remuneration for the establishment of the right of publication); provided that payment or delivery is preceded by the seizure of the right to receive money or the like mentioned above.

Article 45(Exercise of Author’s Property Rights in Joint Works) (1) Author’s property rights in a joint work may not be exercised without the unanimous agreement of all the owners of author’s property rights. Each owner of author’s property rights shall not be entitled to transfer by assignment or pledge his share of author’s property rights without the consent of the other author’s. Each owner may not, without reasonable justification, prevent the agreement from being reached or refuse in bad faith the consent.

(2) The profit accruing from the exploitation of a joint work may be apportioned among authors according to the degrees of contribution by each author, unless otherwise stipulated. If the degree of each contribution is not clear, the profit may be equally apportioned to all the authors.

(3) The owner of author’s property rights in a joint work may renounce his share. In the case of renunciation and death of the owner of author’s property rights without heir, his share may be apportioned among other authors according to the ratio of their holding shares.

(4) The provisions of Paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 15 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise of author’s property rights in a joint work. In this case, “author’s moral rights” are considered the same as “author’s property right.”

Article 46(Expiry of Author’s Property Rights) Author’s property rights shall expire in any of the following cases:

1.Where, after the author’s death without heir, author’s property rights are to belong to the state according to provisions of the Civil Law and other laws; and

2.Where, after the dissolution of a legal person or an organization who is the owner of author’s property rights, author’s property rights are to belong to the state according to the provisions of the Civil Law and others laws.

SECTION 9. EXPLOITATION OF WORKS UNDER LEGAL LICENSE

Article 47(Exploitation of Works in Which the Owner of Author’s Property Rights is Not Known) (1) Where any person, despite his considerable efforts in accordance with the criteria as prescribed by the Presidential Decree, could not identify the owner of author’s property rights in a work being made public, or his place of residence and therefore is unable to obtain the authorization of the author for its exploitation, he may exploit the work on obtaining the approval of the Minister of Culture and Tourism as prescribed by the Presidential Decree, and depositing a sum of compensation money according to the criteria as determined by the Minister of Culture and Tourism. <As amended on Dec. 30, 1989, Mar. 6, 1993 and Jan. 12, 2000>

(2) The person who exploits a work under the provision of Paragraph (1) shall indicate the fact that the exploitation is made with the approval and the date when the approval is issued.

Article 48(Broadcasting of Works Being Made Public) Where a broadcasting organization which intends to broadcast a work already being made public for the sake of the public benefit has negotiated with the owner of author’s property rights but failed to reach an agreement, it may broadcast the work on obtaining the approval of the Minister of Culture and Tourism as prescribed by the Presidential Decree, and paying to the owner of author’s property rights or depositing a sum of compensation money according to the criteria as determined by the Minister of Culture and Tourism. <As amended on Dec. 30, 1989, Mar. 6, 1993 and Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 49 Deleted <Dec. 6, 1995>

Article 50(Production of Commercial Phonograms) If a commercial phonogram has been sold for the first time in this country and after the expiration of a period of three years from the date of the first sale and if any person who intends to produce a commercial phonogram by recording works already being recorded on such a phonogram has negotiated with the owner of author’s property rights but failed to reach an agreement, he may produce the phonogram on obtaining the approval of the Minister of Culture and Tourism as prescribed by the Presidential Decree, and paying to the owner of author’s property rights or depositing a sum of compensation money according to the criteria as determined by the Minister of Culture and Tourism. <As amended on Dec. 30, 1989, Mar. 6, 1993 and Jan. 12, 2000>

SECTION 10. REGISTRATION

Article 51 (Registration of Copyright) (1) The author or the owner of authors property rights may have the items of the following Subparagraphs registered: <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

1.Name, pseudonym (limited to a case where a pseudonym was used when a work was made public), nationality, domicile or temporary domicile;

2.Title, category and date of creation;

3.Whether a work was made public, or the country and date in which the work was first made public; and

4.Other items as prescribed by the Presidential Decree.

(2) In the absence of any intention of the author to the contrary, the person designated by the will of the author or his heir may have such a name registered after the death of the author as prescribed under each Subparagraph of Paragraph (1). <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

(3) Deleted <Jan. 12, 2000>

(4) The person whose name is registered as the author or the owner of author’s property rights according to the provisions of Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be presumed to be the author or the owner of the author’s property rights of the registered work. The work whose date of creation or having first been made public is registered shall be presumed to have been created or first made public on the date registered. <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 52(Registration and Effect of Change of Rights) The following matters may be registered and shall not be effective against any third party without the registration: <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

1.Transfer by assignment of author’s property rights (except that by inheritance or other successions in general) or the restriction on the disposal of author’s property rights; and

2.Establishment of the right of pledge on author’s property rights, transfer, alteration, or expiry of author’s property rights, or the restriction on the disposal of author’s property rights.

Article 53(Procedures, etc. for Registration) (1) The registration as prescribed under Articles 51 and 52 shall be made by the Minister of Culture and Tourism on the copyright register. <As amended on Mar. 6, 1993>

(2) The Minister of Culture and Tourism shall issue registration bulletins concerning the registration made on the copyright register in accordance with the provisions of Paragraph (1), and shall have the copyright register inspected by applicants or shall issue the copy of the copyright register to applicants.

(3) Any person who applies for registration, the inspection of the copyright register and the issuance of the copy of the copyright register in accordance with the provisions of Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall pay a fee as prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism.

(4) The necessary matters concerning the registration, the issuance of registration bulletins, the inspection of the copyright register and the issuance of the copy of the copyright register in accordance with the provisions of paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be prescribed by the Presidential Decree. [As amended on Jan. 12, 2000]

CHAPTER 3. RIGHT OF PUBLICATION

Article 54(Establishment of the Right of Publication) (1) The owner who has the right to reproduce and distribute a work (hereinafter referred to as “owner of the right of reproduction”) may establish a right of publication (hereinafter referred to as “right of publication”) for a person who intends to publish the work in writing or drawing.

(2) The person for whom the right of publication (hereinafter referred to as “owner of the right of publication”) has been established shall have the right to publish the original text of the work according to the terms of the contract of establishment.

(3) If the right of pledge is established on the right of reproduction of a work, the owner of the right of reproduction can establish the right of publication only with the authorization of the owner of the right of pledge.

Article 55(Obligations of the Owner of the Right of Publication) (1) Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract of establishment, the owner of the right of publication shall have the obligation to publish the work within the period of nine months after the date when he received from the owner of the right of reproduction manuscripts or other similar materials which are necessary for the reproduction of the work.

(2) Unless otherwise stipulated in the contract of establishment, the owner of the right of publication has the obligation to continue to publish the work in its original form in accordance with customary practice.

(3) Unless otherwise stipulated, the owner of the right of publication has the obligation to indicate a notice of the owner of the right of reproduction in each copy as stipulated by the Presidential Decree.

Article 56(Revision, Addition or Reduction of a Work) (1) If the owner of the right of publication publishes a new edition of the work which is the object of its right, the author may revise, add or reduce the contents of his work to the extent that it is justified.

(2) If the owner of the right of reproduction intends to make a new edition of the work which is the object his right, he shall notify the author of his intention in advance.

Article 57(Duration of the Right of Publication) (1) The duration of the right of publication shall be a period of three years from the date of its first publication, unless otherwise stipulated in the contract of establishment.

(2) If the author of the work which is the object of the right of publication dies within the duration of the right of publication, the owner of the right of reproduction, notwithstanding the provision of Paragraph (1), may reproduce the work in a complete collection of works or other compilation work, or publish the work by separating it from a complete collection of works or other compilation work.

Article 58(Notification of the Termination of the Right of Publication) (1) If the owner of the right of publication has not discharged his obligation prescribed under Paragraphs (1) or (2) of Article 55, the owner of the right of reproduction may call on him to fulfill his obligation in a prescribed period of not shorter than six months. If the owner of the right of publication fails to do so during such period, the owner of the right of reproduction may notify him of the termination of his right of publication.

(2) The owner of the right of reproduction may immediately notify the owner of the right of publication of the termination of the right of publication, notwithstanding the provision of Paragraph (1), when it is impossible for the owner of the right of publication to publish the work, or it is obvious that he has no intention to do so.

(3) When the termination of the right of publication is notified as prescribed under the provision of Paragraph (1) or (2), the right of publication is presumed to have been terminated on the date the owner of the right of publication has received the notification.

(4) In the case of Paragraph (3), the owner of the right of reproduction may at any time claim to the owner of the right of publication for restitution or compensation for damages accruing from the suspension of publication of the work.

Article 59(Distribution of Copies of a Work after the Termination of the Right of Publication) After the termination of the right of publication on account of the expiry of the duration of the right or other reasons, the owner of the right of publication shall not distribute copies of a work reproduced within the duration of the right, except in the following cases:

1.Where otherwise stipulated in the contract of establishment; and

2.Where he has already paid any remuneration to the owner of the right of reproduction for publication within the duration of the right of publication, and he distributes number of copies equivalent to such payment.

Article 60(Transfer by Assignment of, and Limitations to, the Right of Publication, etc.) (1) The right of publication may not be transferred by assignment or pledged without the consent of the owner of the right of reproduction.

(2) The provisions of Article 22, Paragraphs (1) and (2) of Article 23, Articles 24, 25, 27 to 30, Paragraphs (2) and (3) of Article 32 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the reproduction of works which are the object of the right of publication. In such cases, the term “owner of author’s property rights” in Article 22 shall read as “owner of the right of publication.”

(3) The provisions of Articles 51 through 53 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the registration (including the registration of the establishment of the right of publication) of the right of publication. In such cases, the term “owner of author’s property rights” in Article 51 shall read as “owner of the right of reproduction” or “owner of the right of publication” in Article 54; the term “author’s property rights” in Article 52 as “right of publication”; the term “copyright register” in Article 53 as “register of the right of publication.” <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

CHAPTER 4. NEIGHBORING RIGHTS

SECTION 1. GENERAL RULES

Article 61(Neighboring Rights) Performances, phonograms and broadcasts falling under any of the following Subparagraphs shall be protected as neighboring rights under this Act: <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

1.Performances

a. Performances conducted by nationals of the Republic of Korea (including legal persons established under the laws and regulations of the Republic of Korea, and foreign legal persons maintaining their principal offices in the Republic of Korea; hereinafter the same shall apply),

b. Performances protected under the international treaties to which the Republic of Korea has acceded or which it has ratified;

c. Performances fixed in phonograms as referred to in Subparagraph (2); and

d .Performances transmitted by broadcasts as referred to in Subparagraph (3) (except those included in sound or visual recordings before transmission).

2.Phonograms

a. Phonograms manufactured by nationals of the Republic of Korea;

b. Phonograms in which sounds have been fixed for the first time in the Republic of Korea; and

c. Phonograms in which sounds have been fixed for the first time in a foreign country party to the treaties to which the Republic of Korea has acceded or which it has ratified and thus protected under such treaties.

3.Broadcasts

a. Broadcasts made by broadcasting organizations which are nationals of the Republic of Korea;

b. Broadcasts made from broadcasting facilities located in the Republic of Korea; and

c. Broadcasts made by broadcastings organization which are nationals of a foreign country, from broadcasting facilities located in a country party to the treaties to which the Republic of Korea has acceded or which it has ratified and thus protected under such treaties.

Article 62(Relationship with Copyright) The provisions of the Articles in this Chapter shall not to be construed to have effects on copyright.

SECTION 2. RIGHTS OF PERFORMERS

Article 63(Right of Reproduction) Performers shall have the right to reproduce their performances. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

Article 64(Right of Broadcasting of Performances) Performers shall have the right to broadcast their performances, except those recorded with the authorization of performers.

Article 64‐2(Right of Interactive transmission) Performers shall have the right to interactive transmission their performances<As amended on Oct 17 , 2004>

Article 65(Compensation by Broadcasting Organizations to Performers) (1) When a broadcasting organization makes a broadcast by using commercial phonograms in which performances are recorded, it shall pay reasonable compensation to the performers; provided that this shall not apply to the performers who are foreigners. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

(2) Those who are entitled to exercise the right to receive compensation as prescribed under Paragraph (1) shall be an organization composed of persons who engage themselves in the performance business in the Republic of Korea, and designated by the Minister of Culture and Tourism. In designating such an organization, the Minister of Culture and Tourism shall obtain the consent of such an organization in advance. <As amended on Dec. 30, 1989, Mar. 6, 1993 and Jan. 12, 2000>

(3) The organization referred to in Paragraph (2) may not, on request of a person entitled to receive compensation (hereinafter referred to “right holder”), refuse to act on his behalf, on account of his non‐membership to the organization, and in acting on behalf of the right holder, the organization has the authority to exercise all the judicial or non‐judicial powers.

(4) The amount of compensation which the organization as referred to in Paragraph (2) may claim on behalf of the right holder shall be determined each year by the agreement between the organization and the broadcasting organization.

(5) If the organization and the broadcasting organization fail to reach an agreement as prescribed under Paragraph (4), the organization or the broadcasting organization may request for a conciliation to the Copyright Deliberation and Conciliation Committee under the conditions as prescribed by the Presidential Decree.

(6) Matters necessary for designation, etc. of the organization as prescribed under Paragraph (2) shall be determined by the Presidential Decree.

Article 65‐2(Authorization by Performers of Rental of Phonograms) (1) Performers shall have the right to authorize the rental of commercial phonograms for profit‐making purposes in which performances are recorded.

(2) The provisions of Paragraphs (2), (3) and (6) of Article 65 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise, etc. of the rights of performers, etc. under Paragraph (1). <Article newly provided on Jan. 7, 1994>

Article 66(Joint Performers) (1) If more than two performers perform jointly in a chorus, concert, or drama, etc., the rights of performers as prescribed under this Section shall be exercised by a representative elected by the joint performers; provided that if such a representative is not elected, the conductor or director shall exercise the rights.

(2) In exercising the rights of performers under Paragraph (1), if a solo vocalist or a solo instrument player participated in the performance, the consent of such vocalist or instrument player shall be obtained.

SECTION 3. RIGHTS OF PRODUCERS OF PHONOGRAMS

Article 67(Right of Reproduction and Distribution) Producers of phonograms shall have the right to reproduce and distribute their phonograms.

Article 67‐2(Offer for Transaction and Authorization of Rental of Phonograms) (1) The provisions of Article 43 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the distribution of phonograms and authorization by producers of phonograms of rental of commercial phonograms.

(2) The provisions of Paragraphs (2), (3) and (6) of Article 65 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exercise, etc. of the rights of producers of phonograms under Paragraph (1). <Article newly provided on Jan. 7, 1994>

Article 67‐3(Right of Interactive Transmission) Producers of phonograms shall have the right to interactively transmit their phonograms. <As amended on Oct 17 , 2004>

Article 68(Compensation by Broadcasting Organizations to Producers of Phonograms) (1) If a broadcasting organization makes a broadcast by using commercial phonograms, it shall pay reasonable compensation to the producers of the phonograms; provided that this shall not apply to the producers of phonograms who are foreigners. <As amended on Dec. 6, 1995>

(2) The provisions of Paragraphs (2) to (6) of Article 65 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the amount of compensation and the claim procedures as prescribed under Paragraph (1). In such cases, the term “performance” in Paragraphs (2) of Article 65 shall read as “production of phonograms.”

SECTION 4. RIGHTS OF BROADCASTING ORGANIZATIONS

Article 69(Right of Reproduction and Simultaneous Relay) Broadcasting organizations shall have the right to reproduce their broadcasts by means of sound or visual recording, photographing or other similar means, and the right to relay them simultaneously.

SECTION 5. PROTECTION PERIOD

Article 70(Protection Period) The protection period of neighboring rights shall continue to subsist for a period of 50 years from the beginning of the year following the date: <As amended on Jan. 7, 1994>

1. When the performance took place, for performances;

2. When the first fixation of sounds was made for phonograms; and

3. When the broadcast was made, for broadcasts.

SECTION 6. LIMITATIONS TO, TRANSFERS BY ASSIGNMENT, EXERCISE, ETC. OF RIGHTS

Article 71(Limitations to Neighboring Rights) The provisions of Article 22, Paragraph (2) of Article 23, Articles 24 to 29, Paragraph (2) of Article 30, Articles 31, 33 and 34 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the exploitation of performances, phonograms or broadcasts which are the subject matters of neighboring rights.

Article 72(Transfers by Assignment, Exercise, etc. of Neighboring Rights) The provision of Paragraph (1) of Article 41 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the transfer by assignment of neighboring rights; the provisions of Article 42 to the authorization to exploit performances, phonograms and broadcasts; the provision of Article 43 to the distribution of phonograms; the provision of Article 44 to the right of

pledge established on neighboring rights; and the provision of Article 46 to the expiry of neighboring rights, respectively. <As amended on Jan. 7, 1994>

Article 72‐2(Exploitation of Performances, Phonograms and Broadcasts) The provisions of Article 47, 48 and 50 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the authorization to exploit performances, phonograms and broadcasts. In such cases, the term “works” in Article 47, 48 and 50 shall read as “performances, phonograms or broadcasts”; the term “owner of author’s property rights” as “owner of neighboring rights. <Article newly provided on Jan. 12, 2000>

Article 73(Registration of Neighboring Rights) The provisions of Articles 51 through 53 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the registration of neighboring rights. In such cases, the term “author” or “owner of author’s property rights” shall read as “owner of neighboring rights,” the term “works” as “performances, phonograms or broadcasts”; the term “creation” or “making public” as “performance,” “fixation of sound in phonograms,” or “broadcasts”; the term “author’s property rights” as “neighboring rights”; the term “copyright register” in Article 53 as “neighboring rights register.” <As amended on Jan. 12, 2000>

CHAPTER 4‐2. PROTECTION OF DATABASE PRODUCERS

Article 73‐2(Databases under Protection) (1) Any database of a person who falls under any of the following categories shall be protected under this Act:

1. Nationals of the Republic of Korea; and

2. Foreigners protected by treaties that the Republic of Korea has acceded to or signed in connection with a database protection regime.

(2) Even in those cases of foreigners’ databases protected under the provision of the foregoing Paragraph (1), their protection under said treaties and this Act may be correspondingly restricted if a relevant foreign country does not protect the databases of the nationals of the Republic of Korea.

Article 73‐3(Exclusion of Application) The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to databases which fall under any of the following:

1. Computer programs which are used for production or renewal, etc., or operation of databases; and

2.Databases produced or renewed in order to make wireless or wire communications technologically possible.

Article 73‐4(Rights of Database Producers) (1) A database producer shall retain the rights to the reproduction, distribution, broadcasting or transmission (hereinafter referred to as “reproduction, etc.” in this Article) of all or a material part of the relevant database.

(2) The individual subject matters of a database shall not be regarded as a material part of the relevant database as provided in the foregoing Paragraph (1); provided that even in the case of reproduction, etc. of any individual subject matter or a part of a database which does not constitute a material part thereof, it shall be regarded as reproduction etc. of a material part of the relevant database if such reproduction, etc. is done repetitively or systematically for a specific purpose in such a manner that conflicts with the common use of the relevant database or causes unjust harm to the database producer’s interests.

(3) Protection under this Chapter shall not prejudice the copyrights of the subject matters that form constituent parts of a database and other rights protected under this Act.

(4) Protection under this Chapter shall not extend to the subject matters that form constituent parts of a database.

Article 73‐5(Limitation on Rights of Database Producers) (1) The provisions of the foregoing Articles 22, 25 through 31, 33 and 34 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the use of a database which is the object of the rights of a database producer. In such case, the term “works” shall be considered as “databases.”

(2) In any of the following cases, any person may reproduce, distribute, broadcast or transmit all or a material part of a database; provided that said provision shall not apply in those cases where it conflicts with the general use of such database:

1. In the case of use of a database for educational, academic or research purposes; provided that said provision shall not apply in those cases where such database is used for a profit‐making purpose; and

2. In the case of use of a database for the purpose of reporting current events.