List of countries' copyright length
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is a list of different countries and the length of their standard copyright in years. See copyright term.
Although they are not countries, the list also includes entries for the European Union, Berne Convention, and the Universal Copyright Convention, which set minimum terms for their member nations or signatories. The Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), though not included, requires a copyright length of at least 50 years after death.
Contents [hide]
1 Legend
2 Table
3 Table notes
4 See also
5 Notes
6 External links
[edit]Legend
ibid. = ibidem, "in the same place"
0, no copyright = not copyrighted
Life + xx years = copyrighted for authors' lifetime plus xx years after their deaths
xx years after publication, creation, etc. = copyrighted for xx years since publication, creation, etc., of works
Until year end = copyrighted until the end of a calendar year, i.e. December 31
[edit]Table
Countries, areas, and entities Copyright terms based on authors' deaths Copyright terms based on publication and creation dates Until year end?
Afghanistan 0, no copyright.[1] 0, no copyright.
Albania Life + 70 years[2] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[3]
70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (photographic or audiovisual work of joint authorship)[4]
25 years from production (works of applied art)[5]
Yes[6]
Algeria Life + 50 years (except posthumous work)[7] 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (collective work, anonymous or pseudonymous work, audiovisual work, posthumous work)[8]
50 years from creation (photographs or the work of applied art)[9]
Yes[10]
Andorra Life + 70 years[11][12] 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (collective work with unknown authorship)[13]
70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[14]
Yes[15]
Angola Life + 50 years[16]
Life + 25 years (photographic works or applied arts)[16]
Yes[16]
Anguilla Life + 50 years[17] 50 years from the death of the author, of the last surviving author for works with more than one author[17].
Antigua and Barbuda Life + 50 years[18][19] 50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work, computer generated work, sound recording or film)[20]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[21]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[22]
Yes[23]
Argentina Life + 70 years[24] 50 years from publication (anonymous intellectual works belonging to institutions, corporations or legal persons)[25] Yes[26]
Armenia Life + 50 years (except posthumous work first published within 50 years after the author's death)[27] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous work first published within 50 years after the author's death)[28] Yes[29]
Aruba unknown
Australia (including external territories) Life + 70 years[30]
[Life + 50 years (death before 1955)][31]
70 years from publication (sound recordings, cinematograph films)[32]
50 years after making (television broadcasts and sound broadcasts)[33]
[50 years from publication (photographs, no longer applicable since 1 January 2005)][31]
Yes[34]
Austria Life + 70 years[35][36] 70 years from publication; 70 years from creation if unpublished (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[37] Yes[38]
Azerbaijan Life + 50 years (except posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[39] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work; posthumous work published at first time during 30 years)[40] Yes[41]
Bahamas Berne
Bahrain Life + 50 calendar years (except posthumous work)[42] 50 calendar years from publication (cinematographic films, applied arts works and photographs; anonymous or pseudonymous works; corporate works; posthumous works)[43]
40 years from publication or 50 years from completion, whichever is earlier (computer software)[44]
Bangladesh Life + 50 years
Barbados Life + 50 years[45][46] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[47]
50 years from making (computer-generated work)[48]
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (sound recordings and films)[49]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[50]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of a published edition)[22]
Yes[51]
Belarus Life + 50 years[52] 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[53]
50 years from fixation (performance)[54]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from fixation (phonogram)[55]
50 years from the first broadcast or cable transmission[56]
Yes[57]
Belgium Life + 70 years[58]
Belize Life + 50 years[59]
Benin Life + 50 years
Bermuda Life + 50 years[60]
Berne Convention signatories Life + 50 years[61]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[62]
50 years from publication or if not shown 50 years from creation (cinematographic works)[63]
50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[64]
25 years from creation (photographic works)[65]
Signatories may grant longer terms.[62]
Yes[66]
Bhutan Life + 50 years[67]
Bolivia Life + 50 years[68]
Bosnia and Herzegovina Life + 70 years[69]
Botswana Berne, TRIPS, WCT[70]
Brazil Life + 70 years[71]
British Indian Ocean Territory unknown
British Virgin Islands unknown
Brunei Life + 50 years[72]
Bulgaria Life + 70 years (EU)[73]
Burkina Faso Life + 70 years[74]
Burundi Life + 50 years
Cambodia Life + 50 years[75]
Cameroon Life + 50 years[76]
Canada Life + 50 years[77]
Cape Verde Life + 50 years[78]
Cayman Islands unknown
Central African Republic Berne, TRIPS
Chad Berne, TRIPS
Chile Life + 70 years[79]
China, People's Republic of (Mainland only) Life + 50 years (citizens' works)[80] 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of legal entities, cinematographic works, films or photographic works)[81] Yes[6]
Colombia Life + 80 years[82] 80 years from publication (cinematographic works)[29] Yes[83]
Comoros Berne
Congo (Democratic Republic) Berne, TRIPS
Congo (Republic) Berne, TRIPS
Costa Rica Life + 70 years[84]
C?te d'Ivoire Life + 99 years (except posthumous works published within this period)[85] 99 years from publication (photographic or audiovisual works or works of applied art; anonymous or pseudonymous works; posthumous works)[86] Yes[87]
Croatia Life + 70 years[88]
Cuba Life + 50 years
Cyprus Life + 50 years
(EU, WCT)[89]
Czech Republic Life + 70 years[90] 70 years from publication (anonymous works)[91] Yes[92]
Denmark Life + 70 years[93]
Djibouti Life + 25 years (Berne, TRIPS)[94] 25 years from publication or if unpublished 25 years from completion (film)[95]
25 years from completion (a photographic work or a work of applied art)[96]
Yes[97]
Dominica Life + 70 years[98]
Dominican Republic Life + 50 years[99]
Ecuador Life + 70 years[100]
Egypt Life + 50 years[101]
El Salvador Life + 50 years[102]
Equatorial Guinea Berne
Eritrea unknown
Estonia Life + 70 years (EU)[103] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[104] Yes[105]
Ethiopia Life + 50 years[106]
European Union members Life + 70 years[107] 70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (anonymous works)[108] Yes[25]
Fiji Life + 50 years[109]
Finland Life + 70 years[110] 50 years from publication (sound recordings, television broadcasts and sound broadcasts) [111]
50 years from creation (photographic works) [112]
Yes[113]
France Life + 70 years (except posthumous works published after this term)[114][115]
The following additions to copyright term formerly applied to all works, but the French Cour de Cassation has found them to be superseded by later copyright treaties, thus limiting the copyright term to life + 70 years total, at least for non-musical works of authors who did not "die for France".[116]
+ 6 years 152 days for musical work published through 1920[117]
+ 8 years and 120 days for musical work published through 1947[118]
+ 30 years for all works if the author died on active service[119]
70 years from publication (pseudonymous, anonymous or collective works)[120]
25 years from publication (posthumous works published after Art. L123-1 term)[121]
Yes[122]
Gabon Berne, TRIPS, WCT
Gambia Life + 50 years[123]
Georgia Life + 70 years[124]
Germany[125] Life + 70 years[126]
Ghana Life + 70 years[127]
Greece Life + 70 years[128][129] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous works)[130] Yes[131]
Grenada Berne, TRIPS[132]
Guatemala Life + 75 years[133] 75 years from publication or if unpublished 75 years from creation (computer programs and collective works; anonymous or pseudonymous works; audiovisual works)[134] Yes[135]
Guinea TRIPS, WCT
Guinea-Bissau Berne, TRIPS
Guyana Life + 50 years[136]
Haiti Berne, TRIPS[137]
Honduras Life + 75 years[138] 70 years from publication or, if unpublished within 50 years, 70 years from creation (works of applied art and photographs)[139] Yes[139]
Hong Kong[140] Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with known authorship)[141]
Life + 50 years (films)[142]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic works with unknown authorship)[143]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recordings)[144]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[145]
25 years from publication (typographical arrangement of published editions)[146]
Yes[147]
Hungary Life + 70 years[148]
Iceland Life + 70 years[149]
India[150] Life + 60 years (except posthumous works)[151][152] 60 years from publication (posthumous works, photographs, cinematograph films, sound recordings, works of public undertakings, and works of international organisations)[153] Yes[154]
Indonesia Life + 50 years[155]
Iran Life + 30 years[156] 30 years from publication (photographic or cinematographic works)[157]
Iraq Life + 50 years[158]
Ireland Life + 70 years[159]
Israel Life + 70 years[160] 50 years from publication (photographs created till May 2007)[161] Yes[162]
Italy Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][163] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[164]
20 years from publication (copyright of State, the provinces, the communes, the academies or public cultural organizations, or to private legal entities of a non-profit making character)
Yes[165]
Jamaica Life + 50 years[166]
Japan Life + 50 years[167] 70 years from publication or if unpublished 70 years from creation (cinematographic works)[168]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (works of a legal person or other corporate body)[169]
Yes[170]
Jordan Life + 50 years[171]
Kazakhstan Life + 50 years[172]
Kenya Life + 50 years (literary, musical or artistic work other than photographs)[173] 50 years from the latest of creation or publication (audio-visual works and photographs)[174] Yes[175]
Kiribati Life + 50 years[123]
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of (North) Berne
Korea, Republic of (South) Life + 50 years[176] 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (organizational works)[177] Yes[178]
Kuwait TRIPS[179]
Kyrgyzstan Life + 50 years[180]
Laos 0, no copyright.[181] 0, no copyright.
Latvia Life + 70 years[182]
[Life + 50 years][183] 70 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[184] Yes[177]
Lebanon Life + 50 years[185]
Lesotho Life + 50 years[123]
Libya Life + 25 years with 50-year minimum (as of 1968; may have changed since)
Liechtenstein Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][186]
Lithuania Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][187]
Luxembourg Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][188]
Macau(b) Life + 50 years[189] 50 years from publication (anonymous works)[190]
50 years from publication (audiovisual works)[191]
25 years from completion (works of applied art and photographic works)[192]
Yes[193]
Macedonia Life + 70 years[194]
Madagascar Life + 70 years[195]
Malawi Life + 50 years[196]
Malaysia Life + 50 years[197]
Maldives TRIPS
Mali Life + 50 years[198]
Malta Life + 70 years[199]
Marshall Islands 0, no copyright. Copyright legislation is not known to exist.[200] 0, no copyright.
Mauritania Berne, TRIPS
Mauritius Life + 50 years[201]
Mexico Life +100 years (effective 23 July 2003 non-retroactively)[202]
[Life + 75 years (before the law change on 23 July 2003, applicable for deaths before 23 July 1928)][203]
Micronesia Life + 50 years[204]
Moldova Life + 50 years[205]
Monaco WCT
Mongolia Life + 50 years[206]
Montenegro[207] Life + 70 years[208]
Morocco Life + 50 years[209]
Mozambique Life + 70 years[210]
Myanmar TRIPS
Namibia Life + 50 years (except posthumous works)[211] 50 years from publication (posthumous works)[212]
50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs and computer programs)[213]
Yes[214]
Nauru unknown
Nepal Life + 50 years[215]
Netherlands[216] Life + 70 years[217]
New Zealand Life + 50 years (literary, dramatic, musical, or artistic work)[218] 50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[219] Yes[220]
Nicaragua Life + 70 years[221]
Niger Life + 50 years[222]
Nigeria Life + 70 years (literary, musical or artistic works other than photographs)[223] 70 years from publication (literary, musical or non-photograph artistic works in the case of government or a body corporate)
50 years from publication (cinematograph films and photographs)
50 years from creation (sound recordings)
50 years from publication (broadcasts)[223]
Yes[223]
Norway Life + 70 years[224]
Oman Life + 50 years[225]
Pakistan Life + 50 years[226]
Palau Life + 50 years[227]
Panama Life + 50 years[228]
Papua New Guinea Life + 50 years[229]
Paraguay Life + 70 years[230]
Peru Life + 70 years[231]
Philippines Life + 50 years[232] 50 years from publication (photographic works)[233] Yes[234]
Poland Life + 70 years[235]
Portugal Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][236]
Qatar Life + 50 years[237]
Romania Life + 70 years[238]
Russia Life + 70 years starting July 28, 2004[239]
[Life + 50 years (death before 1953)][240]
Rwanda Berne, TRIPS
St. Kitts and Nevis Life + 50 years[123]
St. Lucia Life + 50 years[241]
St. Vincent and the Grenadines Life + 75 years (literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work)[242] 75 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (sound recording or film)[243]
50 years from creation (computer-generated work)[244]
50 years from creation (broadcast); 50 years after programme included in a cable programme service[245]
Yes[246]
Samoa Berne
San Marino unknown
S?o Tom? and Pr?ncipe unknown
Saudi Arabia Life + 50 years[247]
Senegal Berne, TRIPS
Serbia[248] Life + 70 years[208]
Seychelles Life + 25 years[249] 25 years from publication (photograph, film, or broadcast)[250]
25 years from creation (sound recording)[251]
Yes[243]
Singapore[252] Life + 70 years (except posthumous work)[253][254] 70 years from publication (posthumous work, photograph)[255]
70 years from publication (sound recordings and cinematograph films)[256]
50 years after making (television broadcasts, sound broadcasts, cable programmes)[257]
25 years from publication (published editions of works)[258]
Yes[259]
Slovakia Life + 70 years[260]
Slovenia Life + 70 years[261]
Solomon Islands Life + 50 years[262]
Somalia unknown
South Africa Life + 50 years (literary or musical works or artistic works, other than photographs)[263] 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from creation (cinematograph films, photographs, computer programs)[213]
50 years from publication (sound recordings; broadcasts; programme-carrying signals; and published editions)[264]
Yes[214]
Spain Life + 70 years
[Life + 80 years(1879–1987), Life + 60 years(1987–1994)][265]
Sri Lanka Life + 50 years[266] 50 years from publication or if unpublished 50 years from completion (cinematographic, radiophonic or audiovisual work)[267]
25 years from publication (photographic work or a work of applied art)[268]
Yes[269]
Sudan Life + 50 years[270] 25 years from publication (photographic pictures and cinematographic films and other audiovisual works; works published under unknown pseudonym or anonymously)[271]
Suriname Berne, TRIPS
Swaziland Life + 50 years[272]
Sweden Life + 70 years[273] Yes[273]
Switzerland Life + 70 years effective 1 July 1993 non-retroactively, but Life + 50 years for computer programs[274]
[Life + 50 years (before the law change on 1 July 1993, applicable for deaths through 1942)][275]
50 years after performance (performers' rights)[276] Yes[277]
Syria Life + 50 years[278] 10 years from production (photographic, fine arts or plastic arts)[279]
Taiwan, Republic of China (Chinese Taipei) Life + 50 years (except posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[280] 50 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[281]
50 years from publication; 50 years from creation if unpublished (corporate works; photographic works, audiovisual works, sound recordings, and performances)[282]
10 years from publication (posthumous works first published 40 to 50 years after death)[283]
Yes[284]
Tajikistan Berne
Tanzania Life + 50 years[285]
Thailand Life + 50 years[286] 50 years from publication or 50 years from creation if not published within 50 years from creation
Timor Leste Life + 50 years[155]
Togo Life + 50 years[287]
Tonga Life + 50 years[288]
Trinidad and Tobago Life + 50 years[289]
Tunisia Life + 50 years[290]
Turkey Life + 70 years[291]
Turkmenistan unknown
Tuvalu Life + 50 years[123]
Uganda TRIPS
Ukraine Life + 70 years
[Life + 50 years][292]
United Arab Emirates Life + 50 years[293]
United Kingdom Life + 70 years[294] 50 years after release or if not released 50 years after making (sound recordings) [2][22] Yes[295]
United States of America[296] Life + 70 years (works published since 1978 or unpublished works)[297] 95 years from publication or 120 years from creation whichever is shorter (anonymous works, pseudonymous works, or works made for hire, published since 1978)[298]
95 years from publication for works published 1964–1977; 28 (if copyright not renewed) or 95 years from publication for works published 1923–1963 (Copyrights prior to 1923 have expired.)[299]
Yes[300]
Universal Copyright Convention minimum terms Life + 25 years (general works)[301] 25 years from publication (specific works not based on authors' deaths)[302]
10 years (photographic works or to works of applied art)[303]
Uruguay Life + 50 years[304]
Uzbekistan Life + 50 years[305]
Vanuatu unknown
Vatican City Life + 70 years[306]
Venezuela Life + 60 years[307] 60 years from publication; 60 years from creation if unpublished (an audiovisual work, a broadcast work or a computer program)[29]
60 years from publication (anonymous or pseudonymous work)[164]
Yes[308]
Vietnam Berne
Yemen Life + 30 years
Zambia Life + 50 years[309]
Zimbabwe Life + 50 years[310][311] 50 years from publication (photographs)[312]
50 years from creation (Sound recordings)[313]
50 years from publication (cinematograph films, broadcasts)[314]
Yes[315]
[edit]Table notes
Terms of protection were taken from a variety of sources, including WIPO, UNESCO and the University of Pennsylvania (see External links). Where no more specific information is available for a country, an indication of its probable minimum copyright term can be gained from its status as:
a signatory of the Berne Convention ("Berne"); minimum term of life + 50 years, except for photographs.
a member of the WTO ("TRIPS"); minimum term of life + 50 years.
a candidate for membership of the European Union ("EU"); term must be life + 70 years before accession.
[edit]See also
Official text copyright
Rule of the shorter term
Moral rights
CERLALC, an intergovernmental organization promotes the development of book publishing and copyright issues in Latin America and the Caribbean.
[edit]Notes
Constructs such as ibid. and loc. cit. are discouraged by Wikipedia's style guide for footnotes as they are easily broken. Please improve this article by replacing them with named references (quick guide), or an abbreviated title.
^ http://www.goodwinprocter.com/~/media/A5C66A80AB93408C857813C59512C1BA.ashx
^ Art. 17, Law no. 7564 of 19 April 1992, as modified by Law no. 7923 of 19 May 1995
^ Art. 18,, ibid.
^ Art. 19, ibid.
^ Art. 20, ibid.
^ a b Art. 21, ibid.
^ Art. 54, Ordonnance n° 03-05 du 19 Joumada El Oula 1424 correspondant au 19 juillet 2003 relative aux droits d’auteur et aux droits voisins
^ Arts. 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
^ Art. 59, ibid.
^ Arts. 54, 56, 57, 58, 60, ibid.
^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Andorra for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue and the composer of music specifically created for the audiovisual work.
^ Art. 18(1), (4), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 1999
^ Art. 18(3), ibid.
^ Art. 18(5), ibid.
^ Art. 18(8), ibid.
^ a b c Art. 20(1), Copyright Law n° 4/90, March 1990
^ a b IP laws revised - Anguilla
^ Literary, dramatic, musical or copyright artistic work.
^ s. 10(1), Copyright Act, 2002
^ s. 10(2), (4), 11(1), ibid.
^ s. 12(1), ibid.
^ a b c s. 13, ibid.
^ s. 10(1), 10(2), (4), 11(1), 12(1), 13, ibid.
^ Art. 5, Ley 11.723 del 28 de septiembre de 1933, as modified by Ley 24.870 del 11 de septiembre de 1997
^ a b Art. 8, ibid.
^ Art. 5, ibid.
^ Art. 26, 1st paragraph, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 12 January 2000
^ Art. 26, 3rd and 7th paragraphs, ibid.
^ a b c Art. 26, ibid.
^ s. 33, Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)
^ a b Australian Copyright Council Information Sheets G023 (Duration)
^ s. 93, 94, Copyright Act 1968 (Australia)
^ s. 95, ibid.
^ All previous Australian references
^ A cinematographic work is copyrighted in Austria for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the principal director of the film and the authors of the screenplay, the dialogues and the musical work specially created for the cinematographic work.
^ § 60, 62, Urheberrechtsgesetz;
§ 1(2), Urheberrechtsgesetznovelle 1972 (Nr. 492, 1972-12-16)
^ § 61, Urheberrechtsgesetz
^ § 64, ibid.
^ Art. 25(1), (2), Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 5 June 1996
^ Arts. 25(2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
^ Art. 25(1), (2), 26(1), (3), ibid.
^ Art. 31(1), Legislative Decree no. 10 of 1993
^ Art. 31(2)(a), (b), (c), (d), ibid.
^ Art. 31(3), ibid.
^ Literary, dramatic, musical or artistic work.
^ s. 10(1), Copyright, Act, 05/03/1998, No. 4
^ s. 10(3), ibid.
^ s. 10(4), ibid.
^ s. 11, ibid.
^ s. 12, ibid.
^ s. 10, 11, 12, 13, ibid.
^ Art. 22(1), Law 194-3 of 11 August 1998
^ Art. 22(2), ibid.
^ Art. 38(1), ibid.
^ Art. 38(2), ibid.
^ Art. 38(3), ibid.
^ Arts. 22(4), 38(4), ibid.
^ Wet betreffende het auteursrecht en de naburige rechten van 30 juni 1994. (Hoofdstuk 1, afdeling 1, Art. 2)/Loi relative au droit d’auteur et aux droits voisins du 30 juin 1994.
^ s. 10, Copyright Act Ch. 252
^ How long does copyright last? from Bermuda Government website.
^ Art. 7, Berne Convention(1)
^ a b Art. 7(6), ibid.
^ Art. 7(2), ibid.
^ Art. 7(3), ibid.
^ Art. 7(4), ibid.
^ Art. 7(5), ibid.
^ s. 18, Copyright Act of the Kingdom of Bhutan, 2001
^ Art. 18, Ley No 1322 de 13 de abril de 1992
^ Art. 84, Law on Copyright and Related Rights (7/02)
^ Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, Act No. 8 of 2000
^ Art. 41, Law no 9610 of 19 February 1998
^ s. 14, Emergency (Copyright) Order 1999
^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, last changed in 2007
^ Art. 34, Loi N°032-99AN portant protection de la propri?t? litt?raire et artistique
^ Art. 30, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2003
^ Art. 37, Loi no 2000/011 du 19 d?cembre 2000
^ s. 6, Copyright Act ( R.S., 1985, c. C-42 );
s. 7, S.C. 1997, c. 24
^ Art. 19, Lei no. 101/III/90 de 29 de dezembro de 1990
^ Art. 3, Law 19914 implementing free trade agreement with the US (2003)
^ Art. 21, first paragraph, Copyright Law of the People's Republic of China
^ Art. 21, second and third paragraphs, ibid.
^ Art. 21, Ley 23 de 1982
^ Art. 28, ibid.
^ Art. 58, Ley de Derechos de Autor y Derechos Conexos modified by the Ley 7979 del 6 del enero del 2000
^ Art. 45(1), Loi no. 96-564 du 25 juillet 1996
^ Art. 45(3)(a), (b), (c), ibid.
^ Art. 45, ibid.
^ Art. 99, Copyright and Related Rights Act 197/2003
^ s. 4, Copyright Law 1976
^ Art. 27(1), Law No. 121/2000 Coll.
^ Art. 27(3), Law No. 121/2000 Coll.
^ Art. 27(7), ibid.
^ s. 63, Consolidated Act on Copyright 2006
^ Art. 59, Loi n°114/AN/96/3e L relatif ? la protection du droit d'auteur
^ Art. 62, ibid.
^ Art. 63, ibid.
^ Art. 65, ibid.
^ s. 11, Copyright Act 2003
^ Art. 21, Ley sobre Derecho de Autor del 24 de julio de 2000
^ Art. 80, Ley No 83 de Propiedad Intelectual (1998)
^ Art. 160, Law on the Protection of Intellectual Property Rights
^ Art. 86, Decreto Legislativo No. 604 del 15 de julio de 1993
^ § 38(1), Edition of the Copyright Act effective since 01.01.2009 (Estonian); First enacted on 11.11.1992
^ § 40, ibid.
^ § 43, ibid.
^ Wondwossen Belete (2004), The Intellectual Property System in Ethiopia, Ethiopian Intellectual Property Office, Addis Ababa, December 2004; see also [1]
^ Art. 1 (1), Directive 2006/116/EC
^ Art. 1 (3), (6), ibid.
^ Copyright Act 1999
^ Art. 43, Law No. 404/1961, as amended by Law No. 1654/1995
^ Arts. 46, 48, Copyright, Act, 08/07/1961
^ Art. 49a, ibid.
^ Art. 43, ibid.
^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in France for the same term, computed from the last surviving person among the following: the author of the scenario, the author of the dialogue, the author of the musical compositions, with or without words, specially composed for the work and the main director.
^ Arts. L123-1, L123-2, Code de la propri?t? intellectuelle
^ Judgement No. 280 of February 27, 2007 Court of Cassation - First Civil Chamber 04-12138
^ Art. L123-8, ibid.
^ Art. L123-9, ibid.
^ Art. L123-10, ibid.
^ Art. L123-3, ibid.
^ Art. L123-4, ibid.
^ Arts. L123-1, L123-3, L123-4, ibid., but not Arts. L123-8 or, L123-9,
^ a b c d e Copyright Act 1956 (p)
^ Art. 31, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 22 June 1999
^ The Federal Republic of Germany is the successor state to the German Democratic Republic and to the German Empire
^ § 64, Urheberrechtsgesetz, as amended by the Law of 23 June 1995
^ Art. 12, Copyright Act, 2005
^ An audiovisual work is copyrighted in Greece for the same term, computed from the last of the following persons to survive: the principal director, the author of the screenplay, the author of the dialogue and the composer of the music specifically created for use in the audiovisual work.
^ Arts. 29, 31(3), Law 2121/1993
^ Art. 31(1), ibid.
^ Arts. 29, 31, ibid.
^ Copyright Act, dated 3 February 1989
^ Art. 43, Decreto No. 33-98, as modified by Art. 13, Decreto No. 56-2000
^ Arts. 44, 45, 47, ibid.
^ Art. 48, ibid.
^ Copyright Act 1956
^ Decree of January 9, 1968, relating to Copyright in Literary, Scientific and Artistic Works
^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
^ a b Art. 30, Decreto Ley 16 2006: Implementaci?n del Tratado de Libre Comercio entre la Rep?blica Dominicana, Centroam?rica y Estados Unidos
^ The Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau have their own status, distinct from that of the rest of China, under international copyright and trade law
^ s. 17(2), Copyright Ordinance (Cap. 528)
^ s. 19, ibid. Computed from the last of the following persons with known identity to survive: (a) the principal director; (b) the author of the screenplay; (c) the author of the dialogue; or (d) the composer of music specially created for and used in the film.
^ s. 17(3), ibid.
^ s. 18, ibid.
^ s. 20, ibid.
^ s. 21, ibid.
^ s. 17, 18, 20, 21, ibid.
^ Art. 31, Act No. LXXVI of 1999
^ Art. 43, Act No. 73/1972, as amended by Art. 4, Act No. 145/1996
^ See also Copyright in India.
^ Literary, dramatic, musical, and non-photograph artistic works.
^ s. 22, Copyright Act, 1957
^ s. 24, s. 25, s. 26, s. 27, s. 28A, s. 29, ibid.
^ s. 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28A, 29, ibid.
^ a b Art. 29, Law No. 19 of 2002
^ Art. 12, Copyright Law of 12 January 1970
^ Art. 16, ibid.
^ s. 2(11), Coalition Provisional Authority Order No. 2004/83
^ s. 24, Copyright and Related Rights Act, 2000
^ Art. 5(4), Copyright Ordinance 1924
^ Art. 21, Copyright, Act (Consolidation), 16/12/1911
^ Art. 5(3), Copyright Ordinance 1924
^ Art. 25, Law No. 633 of 22 April 1941, as amended by Art. 17, Law No. 52 of 6 February 1996
^ a b Art. 27, ibid.
^ s. 25, s. 32ter, ibid.
^ s. 10, Copyright Act 1993
^ Art. 51(2), Law No. 48 of 6 May 1970, as amended in 2006
^ Art. 54(1), ibid.
^ Art. 53(1), ibid.
^ Art. 57, ibid.
^ Art. 30, Law No. 22 of 1992, as amended
^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 1996
^ s. 23(2)1, Copyright Act, 2001
^ s. 23(2), ibid.
^ s. 23, ibid.
^ Art. 36, Copyright Act of 30 December 1989
^ a b Art. 38, ibid.
^ Art. 40, ibid.
^ | Decree Law No. 64 of 1999 concerning Intellectual Property Rights
^ Art. 27, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 16 December 1997
^ http://www.iipa.com/rbc/2007/2007SPEC301LAOS.pdf
^ Art. 36, Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights of 11 May 1993
^ Art. 37(2), Copyright Law of 6 April 2000
^ Art. 49, Loi sur la protection de la propri?t? litt?raire et artistique (no. 75 du 3 avril 1999)
^ Art. 32, Law of 19 May 1999
[Art. 36, Law of 26 October 1928
^ Art. 34, Law No. IX-1355 (2003)
[Art. 536, Civil Code as modified by Law No. I-459 (1994)
^ Art. 9, Law of 18 April 2001
[Art. 2, Law of 29 March 1972]
^ Art. 21(1), Decree-Law 43/99/M of August 16, 1999
^ Art. 23, ibid.
^ Art. 106, ibid.
^ Arts. 148 & 155, ibid.
^ Art. 21(3), ibid.
^ Art. 44, Law on Copyright and Related Rights No. 47/96 as amended
^ Art. 52, Loi no. 94-036 portant sur la propri?t? litt?raire et artistique
^ s. 13, Copyright Act, 1989
^ s. 17, Copyright Act 1987
^ Art. 90, Loi No. 8426/AN-RM
^ s. 4(2), Copyright Act, 2000
^ UNESCO Culture Sector
^ s. 12, Copyright Act 1997
^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (2003)
^ Art. 29, Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor (1996)
^ § 113, Federated States of Micronesia Code, Title 35
^ Art. 17, Law No. 293-XIII of 23 November 1994
^ Art. 17, Law on Copyright of 1993
^ Montenegro is assumed to have succeeded to the copyright obligations of Serbia and Montenegro. See Serbia also.
^ a b Art. 100, Law on Copyright and Related Rights
^ Art. 25, Loi no. 2-00 relative aux droits d’auteur et droits voisins
^ Art. 22, Law No. 4/2001
^ s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act 98 of 1978, as amended by s. 3, Act 52 of 1984, s. 3, Act 125 of 1992 and by s. 52, Act 38 of 1997
^ s. 3(2)(a), ibid.
^ a b s. 3(2)(b), ibid.
^ a b s. 3, ibid.
^ Pustun Pradhan (2004). "Nepal's New Law on Copyright: Some Reflections", UNESCO e-Copyright Bulletin, January–March 2004.
^ Including the Netherlands Antilles and Aruba: although Dutch adhesion to the Berne convention only applies to the Kingdom in Europe, membership of the WTO includes the overseas territories
^ Art. 37, Copyright Act, 1912, as amended by the Acts of 21 December 1995
^ s. 22(1), Copyright Act 1994
^ s. 22(2), ibid.
^ s. 22, ibid.
^ Art. 27, Ley de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos (No. 312)
^ Art. 22, Ordinance 93-027 of 30 March 1993 on copyright, related rights and expressions of folklore
^ a b c Schedule I, Copyright Act (Cap. 68) 1990
^ s. 40, Act No. 2 of 12 May 1961
^ Art. 7, Royal Decree 37-2000
^ s. 18, Copyright Ordinance, 1962
^ s. 16, Republic of Palau Copyright Act of 2003
^ Art. 42, Ley No. 15 de 8 de agosto de 1994
^ s. 17, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act 2000
^ Art. 47, Ley No. 1328/98 de Derecho de Autor y Derechos Conexos
^ Art. 52, Decreto legislativo 822 del 23 de abril de 1996
^ s. 213.1, Intellectual Property Code
^ s. 213.5, ibid.
^ s. 214, ibid.
^ Art. 36, Law of February 4, 1994, on Copyright and Neighbouring Rights, as amended by the Law of 22 July 2000
^ Art. 31, Code of Copyright and Related Rights, as amended by Decree Law No. 334/97 of 27 November 1997
^ s. 15, Law No. 7 of 2002
^ Art. 27, Law No. 8 of March 14, 1996
^ Source
^ Art. 2, Law 72-FZ, 2004
^ s. 10, Copyright Act, 1995
^ Copyright Act, 2003
^ a b s. 9(1), ibid.
^ s. 8(4), ibid.
^ s. 10(1), ibid.
^ s. 8, 9, 10, ibid.
^ Royal Decree No: M/41 2nd Rajab 1424 H August 30, 2003
^ Serbia is deemed to be a successor state of Serbia and Montenegro, which itself was a successor state to Yugoslavia for international copyright treaties, notably the Berne Convention, effective 17 June 1930
^ s. 9(1)(i), Copyright Act, revised edition 1991
^ s. 9(1)(ii), (v), ibid.
^ s. 9(1)(iv), ibid.
^ See also the Intellectual Property Office of Singapore.
^ Literary, dramatic or musical work, or in an artistic work other than a photograph
^ s. 28(2), Copyright Act
^ s. 28(3), (6), ibid.
^ s. 92, 93, ibid.
^ s. 94, 95, ibid.
^ s. 96, ibid.
^ s. 28, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, ibid.
^ § 21, Law on Copyright and Rights Related to Copyright (Copyright Act) No. 618/2003
^ Art. 59, Copyright and Related Rights Act of 30 March 1995
^ s. 3, Copyright Act (Ch. 138)
^ s. 3(2)(a), Copyright Act, 1978
^ s. 3(2)(c), (d), (e), (f), ibid.
^ Art. 23, Real Decreto 1/1996
^ s. 19(1), Code of Intellectual Property Act No. 52 of 1979
^ s. 19(4), ibid.
^ s. 19(5), ibid.
^ s. 19(6), ibid.
^ s. 13(2), Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Protection Act 1996
^ s. 13(3)(a), (c), ibid.
^ Copyright Act No. 36 of 1912
^ a b Art. 43, Act 1960:729, as modified by Act 1995:1273
^ Art. 29 Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur par. 2
^ BGE 124 III 266
^ Art. 39, Urheberrechtgesetz/ Loi sur le droit d’auteur
^ Art. 32, ibid.
^ Art. 22, Law No. 12/2001
^ Art. 25, ibid.
^ Art. 30, Copyright Act
^ Art. 32, ibid.
^ Arts. 33, 34, ibid.
^ Art. 30, ibid.
^ Art. 35, ibid.
^ s. 14, Copyright and Neighbouring Rights Act, 1999
^ s. 19, Copyright Act, B.E. 2537 (1994)
^ Art. 36, Loi no. 91-12 portant protection du droit d'auteur, du folklore et des droits voisins
^ s. 13, Copyright Act (Cap. 121)
^ s. 19, Copyright Act, 1997
^ Art. 18, Loi no. 94-36
^ Art. 27, Law No. 5846 of 5 December 1951
^ Art. 28, Law on Copyright and Related Rights of 2001
^ s. 20, Federal Law No. 7 of 2002
^ s. 12, Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, as amended by s. 5, Duration of Copyright and Rights in Performances Regulations 1995
^ s. 12, 13, ibid.
^ See also Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States by Peter B. Hirtle.
^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(a)
^ 17 U.S.C. § 302(c)
^ 17 U.S.C. § 304
^ 17 U.S.C. § 305
^ Article IV 2(a), Universal Copyright Convention
^ Article IV 2(a), ibid.
^ Article IV 3, ibid.
^ Art. 14, Law on Copyright No. 9.739 of 17 December 1937
^ Art. 38, Law No. 272-I of 30 August 1996
^ N. XII. Legge sil diritto di autore
^ Art. 25, Ley sobre el Dercho de Autor as modified by the Decreto del 14 de agosto de 1993
^ Arts. 25, 26, 27, ibid.
^ s. 12, Copyright and Performance Rights Act, 1994
^ Literary, dramatic, and musical works; non-photograph artistic works.
^ s. 5(3), 6(3)(a), Copyright Act (Chapter 26:1)
^ s. 6(3)(b), ibid.
^ s. 16(2), ibid.
^ s. 17(2), s. 18(2), ibid.
^ s. 6, 16, 17, 18, ibid.
Copyright Registration will cost - $7
Public offer - read carefully before registration!
SciReg Terms of Service
1. General Provisions
These Terms of Service ("Terms") constitute a legally binding agreement between you ("Customer," "User," or "you") and SolCity Nav, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("SciReg," "Company," "we," "our," or "us"), governing your access to and use of the SciReg website and all related services.
By creating an Account, submitting Registration(s), uploading Submitted Materials, purchasing Registration(s), or otherwise using the Service, you acknowledge that you have read, understood, and agree to be bound by these Terms.
If you do not agree to these Terms, you must not access or use the Service.
The Company reserves the right to modify these Terms at any time. Revised Terms become effective immediately upon publication on the SciReg website. Your continued use of the Service after publication of revised Terms constitutes your acceptance of those revisions.
2. Definitions
For purposes of these Terms:
Account means a registered user account created through the SciReg website.
Customer means any individual or legal entity using the Service.
Service means the SciReg website and all services provided by SolCity Nav, LLC.
Registration means the submission of information and Submitted Materials through the Service for creation of a Registration Record.
Registration Record means the electronic record created and maintained by SciReg containing information supplied by the Customer together with the assigned registration number and registration date.
Registration Certificate means the electronic certificate generated by SciReg confirming creation of a Registration Record.
Submitted Materials means any files, documents, manuscripts, publications, software, databases, images, audiovisual works, research materials, or other content submitted by the Customer through the Service.
3. Description of the Service
SciReg is an independent online registration and publication service that enables Customers to create dated electronic Registration Records for intellectual works and other Submitted Materials.
For each accepted Registration, SciReg may:
- assign a unique registration number;
- record the date and time of Registration;
- maintain a Registration Record;
- securely store Submitted Materials;
- generate and issue a Registration Certificate;
- publish Registration information where publication is selected or otherwise authorized by the Customer.
SciReg operates as a private commercial service and is not affiliated with any governmental authority.
4. Nature of the Service
SciReg is an independent private registration service.
SciReg is not:
- a government copyright office;
- a patent office;
- a trademark office;
- a governmental registration authority;
- a court of law;
- a notary public;
- an arbitration tribunal.
SciReg does not:
- determine authorship;
- determine ownership of intellectual property rights;
- verify the identity of Customers;
- verify the accuracy of submitted information;
- verify originality of Submitted Materials;
- determine whether Submitted Materials qualify for copyright or other legal protection under any jurisdiction;
- provide legal advice or legal opinions;
- resolve disputes concerning ownership or intellectual property rights.
SciReg creates Registration Records solely on the basis of information provided by the Customer. The Company does not independently verify the identity of the Customer or the accuracy, completeness, legality, ownership, originality, authenticity, or legal status of any Submitted Materials.
A Registration Certificate confirms only that SciReg received specified information and Submitted Materials, created a Registration Record, assigned a registration number, and recorded the corresponding date and time of Registration.
A Registration Certificate is not a governmental registration, is not evidence of ownership or authorship, does not establish the existence or validity of copyright or any other intellectual property rights, and does not constitute a legal opinion, certification, adjudication, or governmental act.
5. Registration Procedure
To create a Registration Record, the Customer must:
- Create a SciReg Account or sign in to an existing Account.
- Complete the Registration form by providing the required information.
- Upload the Submitted Materials. Each Registration may include one archive file not exceeding 7 MB in size.
- Pay the applicable Registration fee, unless the Registration qualifies for a free Registration offered by the Company.
- Submit the Registration through the Service.
Upon successful completion of the Registration process and receipt of payment, if applicable, SciReg will create a Registration Record, assign a unique registration number, record the date and time of Registration, and make a Registration Certificate available to the Customer.
The Company reserves the right to reject or cancel any Registration that violates these Terms or applicable law.
6. Registration Fees
The Company may offer free Registrations and paid Registrations.
Unless otherwise stated on the SciReg website:
- the first two (2) Registrations submitted by a Customer are provided free of charge;
- each additional Registration is subject to a fee of US $7.00.
Registration fees are subject to change at any time. Any revised fees apply only to Registrations submitted after publication of the updated pricing.
All payments are non-refundable except where required by applicable law or expressly approved by the Company in its sole discretion.
Taxes, duties, bank charges, currency conversion fees, and similar charges imposed by third parties remain the sole responsibility of the Customer.
7. Customer Responsibilities
The Customer represents and warrants that:
- the Customer has the legal right to submit the Submitted Materials;
- the Submitted Materials do not knowingly violate any applicable law;
- the Submitted Materials do not knowingly infringe the intellectual property or other legal rights of any third party;
- all information provided during Registration is accurate and complete to the best of the Customer's knowledge.
The Customer is solely responsible for the content, legality, accuracy, ownership, and use of all Submitted Materials.
If Submitted Materials contain confidential, proprietary, trade secret, personal, or otherwise sensitive information, the Customer is solely responsible for determining whether submission to the Service is appropriate.
The Customer remains solely responsible for determining whether any AI-generated or AI-assisted materials qualify for copyright or other legal protection under applicable law.
8. License Granted to SciReg
The Customer retains all ownership and intellectual property rights in the Submitted Materials.
By submitting materials through the Service, the Customer grants SciReg a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free license to:
- receive and process the Submitted Materials;
- create and maintain Registration Records;
- store backup copies;
- generate Registration Certificates;
- reproduce Submitted Materials as reasonably necessary for operation of the Service;
- publish Registration information where publication is selected or authorized by the Customer.
This license exists solely for the purpose of operating the Service and terminates when continued retention is no longer required for operation of the Service, legal compliance, dispute resolution, or legitimate business purposes.
Nothing in these Terms transfers ownership of the Submitted Materials to the Company.
9. Prohibited Use
The Customer agrees not to use the Service:
- for unlawful purposes;
- to submit malicious software or harmful code;
- to upload material that intentionally infringes the rights of third parties;
- to interfere with operation or security of the Service;
- to attempt unauthorized access to Company systems or other user Accounts;
- to submit false or misleading Registration information.
The Company reserves the right to refuse, suspend, remove, or terminate any Registration or Account that violates these Terms or applicable law without prior notice.
10. Privacy
The Company collects, stores, and processes personal information solely for the purpose of operating the Service, maintaining Registration Records, communicating with Customers, processing payments, complying with legal obligations, preventing fraud, and improving the Service.
The Company does not sell Customers' personal information to third parties.
By using the Service, the Customer consents to such processing of personal information.
11. Electronic Communications
The Customer agrees that all notices, disclosures, Registration Certificates, invoices, receipts, and other communications provided electronically by the Company satisfy any legal requirement that such communications be in writing.
12. Intellectual Property
The SciReg website, software, design, logos, trademarks, text, graphics, databases, and all other materials provided by the Company are the exclusive property of SolCity Nav, LLC or its licensors and are protected by applicable intellectual property laws.
Except as expressly permitted by these Terms, no part of the Service may be copied, reproduced, modified, distributed, reverse engineered, or otherwise used without the Company's prior written permission.
13. Availability of the Service
The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to keep the Service available.
However, SciReg does not guarantee uninterrupted operation or continuous availability.
The Service may be modified, suspended, restricted, or discontinued at any time without prior notice.
The Company may perform maintenance, upgrades, security improvements, or other technical operations that temporarily interrupt the availability of the Service.
14. Disclaimer of Warranties
THE SERVICE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE."
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE COMPANY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR OTHERWISE, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ACCURACY, RELIABILITY, OR AVAILABILITY.
THE COMPANY DOES NOT WARRANT THAT:
- THE SERVICE WILL OPERATE WITHOUT INTERRUPTION;
- THE SERVICE WILL BE ERROR-FREE;
- DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED;
- THE SERVICE WILL ALWAYS BE AVAILABLE;
- THE SERVICE WILL MEET THE CUSTOMER'S EXPECTATIONS OR PARTICULAR REQUIREMENTS.
15. Limitation of Liability
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, SOLCITY NAV, LLC, ITS OWNERS, DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, CONTRACTORS, AGENTS, AND AFFILIATES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA, LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF GOODWILL, OR INTERRUPTION OF BUSINESS ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THE USE OF THE SERVICE.
THE COMPANY SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY LOSS OR DAMAGE RESULTING FROM:
- INFORMATION PROVIDED BY CUSTOMERS;
- UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS TO CUSTOMER ACCOUNTS;
- THIRD-PARTY ACTIONS;
- INTERNET FAILURES;
- FORCE MAJEURE EVENTS;
- VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL SOFTWARE NOT CAUSED BY THE COMPANY'S GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT.
TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE TOTAL LIABILITY OF THE COMPANY ARISING OUT OF ANY CLAIM RELATING TO THE SERVICE SHALL NOT EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY THE CUSTOMER FOR THE REGISTRATION GIVING RISE TO THE CLAIM.
16. Indemnification
The Customer agrees to defend, indemnify, and hold harmless SolCity Nav, LLC, its owners, directors, officers, employees, contractors, and affiliates from and against any claims, liabilities, damages, losses, costs, expenses, and reasonable attorneys' fees arising out of:
- the Customer's use of the Service;
- Submitted Materials;
- violation of these Terms;
- violation of applicable law;
- infringement of any third-party rights.
17. Suspension and Termination
The Company may suspend, restrict, or terminate any Account or Registration at any time if the Company reasonably believes that:
- these Terms have been violated;
- applicable law has been violated;
- continued use of the Service may expose the Company to legal or financial risk;
- fraudulent or abusive activity has occurred.
Termination of an Account does not affect rights and obligations that accrued prior to termination.
The Company may retain Registration Records where required by law, for dispute resolution, fraud prevention, security, or legitimate business purposes.
18. Governing Law and Jurisdiction
These Terms shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, United States, without regard to its conflict of law principles.
Any legal action arising out of or relating to these Terms or the Service shall be brought exclusively in the state or federal courts located in the State of Delaware, and the Customer irrevocably submits to the jurisdiction of those courts.
19. Severability
If any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid, illegal, or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect.
20. Entire Agreement
These Terms, together with the Privacy Policy, Refund Policy, and any other legal policies published by the Company, constitute the entire agreement between the Customer and SolCity Nav, LLC concerning the Service and supersede all prior understandings relating to the same subject matter.
21. Contact Information
SolCity Nav, LLC
651 North Broad Street
Middletown, Delaware 19709
United States
E-mail: scireg@scireg.org
Website: https://scireg.org
